Properties: Stronger than low – carbon steel but less tough than it. Applications: Railway wheels & tracks, gears etc. Readily brazed and welded. 1045 Medium carbon steel. High strength and hardness. Low Alloy Steel Handbook (1011534) and The Grades 11 and 12 Low Alloy Steel Handbook (1013358). Approach This series is being developed for several major component materials used in fossil power production. Has good hardening properties, fair machinability. Carbon steels and low-alloy steels exhibit a significant loss of toughness and ductility at cold temperatures. The basic element in steel is Iron (Fe). These steels have carbon content in between 0.15% to 0.25%, i.e., higher carbon content than conventional low carbon steels and thus, have higher strengths but lower ductility, and thus are hot worked steels. In each section of these reports, the project team has presented information in a succinct manner, with references to source documents supporting technical information. Low carbon steel is one of the most common types of steel used for general purposes, in part because it is often less expensive than other types of steel. Hot Rolled Carbon Steel. often used for bolts, studs and shaft parts. Advantages: Best range for adding alloying elements. Typically, it has a carbon content that ranges between 0.05% and 0.30% and a manganese content that falls between 0.40 and 1.5%. Low carbon steel is a type of metal that has an alloying element made up of a relatively low amount of carbon. 1117 (HR,CF) - Low carbon, high manganese steel. At low temperatures, metal becomes brittle, and without prior noticeable deformation, fracture can occur at stresses considerably below the yield point (brittle fracture) Materials used for low-temperature applications must have a proved ability to safely resist brittle fracture. Medium Carbon Steels: Composition: From 0.25% to 0.55% C. Microstructure: α – ferrite and pearlite. In order to be considered low carbon steel the Carbon (C) component will be maintained between 0.05% - 0.3%. High carbon steel has high strength and hardness (Rockwell C can be up to 60-65 HRC), high elastic limit and fatigue limit after proper heat treatment or cold drawing hardening, and the cutting performance is acceptable, compared to low carbon steel and medium carbon steel, its weldability and cold plastic deformation is the worst. Low-carbon steels, with a typical carbon content from 0.005 to 0.1 wt.%, are used as low-grade, low-cost materials for magnetic cores where magnetic losses are not the major concern and acceptable performance at low price is the main goal. 1018, 1020 (HR,CF) - Low carbon steel. Low Carbon Steel can have many different compositions. As these steels too are not hardened, these are air cooled (normalised) after hot rolling, or forging, etc.

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